PPARGC1A and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Upregulate the mitochondrial content in brown and white adipocytes, stimulate UCP1-mediated thermogenesis, and accelerate fat catabolism.Alleviate HFD-induced inhibition of mitochondrial β-OX through SIRT3-mediated LCAD deacetylation, and improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Promote mitochondrial biosynthesis, improve fatty acid oxidation in an AMPK/PGC-1α-dependent manner and decrease abnormal ectopic lipid deposition in skeletal muscle.