With the exceptions of memantine and various cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine) in AD, as well as riluzole (a benzothiazole derivative with neuroprotective and potential antidepressant and anxiolytic activities) and edaravone (a potent free radical scavenger/antioxidant) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), clinical trials in neuroprotection have failed to demonstrate improved outcomes (28, 29). This evidence concerns the gene BCHE and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.