Here we use an astrocyte motor neuron co-culture to demonstrate the therapeutic effectiveness of 123C4, and newer generation EphA4 agonists such as 150D4, 150E7, and 150E8 in patients with ALS with either sporadic or mutant SOD1 forms of the disease (Table 1). The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.