ICAM1 and Alzheimer disease: Several studies performed in animal models of AD, MS, TBI, stroke and systemic inflammation have shown increased expression of the adhesion molecules, such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and P-selectin, as well as consequent leukocyte adhesion in pial microvasculature (Kerfoot and Kubes, 2002; Piccio et al., 2002; Mel’nikova, 2009; Zhou et al., 2009; Zenaro et al., 2015; Szmydynger-Chodobska et al., 2016; Dusi et al., 2019; Lodygin et al., 2019; Pietronigro et al., 2019).