RAN has been well studied in the evaluation of several cognitive and neurobiological disorders, including developmental dyslexia (Goswami, 2015), language disorders (Snowling and Melby-Lervag, 2016), ADHD (Tannock et al., 2000), and ASD (Hogan-Brown et al., 2014; Zhao J. et al., 2019). The gene discussed is RAN; the disease is attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.