After univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, ABCC5 and TUBG1 genes were found to be independent risk factors for the diagnosis of NAFLD and HCC (OR>1; P <0.05), while DHODH was an independent protective factor in HCC (OR<1; P < 0, 05) (Tables 1, Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene ABCC5 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.