They were chosen for validation among those having a potential translational impact in peer-reviewed scientific papers related to immunotherapy in various cancer types (PD-1, PD-L1) (16–27), oxidative stress (KEAP1, NFE2L2, GPX2, PGD, TXNRD1, GCLC, AKR1C2, SRXN1, ABCC2) (28–35), and other cancer/early-stage prognostic biomarkers (SPARC, HAR1B, TMPRSS4, RASSF1A, HOXA9, PTEN, CDKN2A/P16) mainly related to lung cancer (36–59), (Supplemental Table 2). Here, SPARC is linked to cancer.