CAV2 and urinary bladder carcinoma: The Cav channels have been found involved in the development of various types of cancer, including brain cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreas cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, esophagus cancer, ovarian cancer, cervix cancer, renal cancer, leukemia, neuroblastoma, glioblastoma, and sarcoma, etc. In breast cancer and leukemia, the Cav channels exhibited up-regulated (16, 17).