The molecular mechanism of ESCC development is still unclear, but TP53 (encodes P53) and other genes involved in cell cycle regulation are abnormal expressions in ESCC, such as CDKN2A (encodes cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A) and RB1 (encodes retinoblastoma-associated protein) (7). The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.