Furthermore, co-expression of GCSFR with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor, and tissue factors were found in those samples, highlighting the interplay between the receptors for angiogenesis promotion and in providing mitogenic support for the progression of malignant cells. Similar to breast cancer, higher expression of GCSFR is found in nasopharyngeal, oral cavity, colorectal, gastric, and ovarian cancers, solidifying the relationship between increased levels of GCSFR expression and solid tumors (5, 8, 10, 84). Here, CSF3R is linked to breast cancer.