Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is increased and Keap1 in cytoplasmic is decreased, and these changes in Nrf2 and Keap1 are correlated with the poor outcome of NSCLC patients, and increased Nrf2 may contribute to chemoresistance when using platinum-related chemotherapy (67). The gene discussed is KEAP1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.