TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: Regarding the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved seven biologics in the current state of the art: four TNF inhibitors (infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab, and golimumab); two integrin inhibitors (natalizumab and vedolizumab); and one inhibitor of IL-12/IL-23 (p40) (ustekinumab) (Ardizzone et al., 2012; Danese, Vuitton, and Peyrin-Biroulet, 2015).