HSPA4 and atherosclerosis: Consequently, autoantibodies produced against either Hsp60 or Hsp70 were reported to exacerbate atherosclerosis (Schett et al., 1997; Stocker and Keaney, 2004; Wick et al., 2014) and hypertension (Rodriguez-Iturbe et al., 2019; Romagnoli et al., 2020).