RENBP and coinfection: It can also be seen in chronic super-infection once there is active replication and can co-exist with HDV IgG12,13 HDV RNA is a marker of active HDV replication and is present in almost the same frequency in patients with acute co-infection (64%) and super-infection (71%).14 The presence of HDV RNA paralleled that of HDV Ag in the first few weeks following infection and tended to disappear by the fourth week in patients with co-infection unlike in those with super-infection where HDV RNA persisted beyond four weeks and resulted in chronic liver disease.