Activation of the TLR4 by LPS or TLR-9 by DNA derived from intestinal bacteria promotes steatohepatitis, while suppression of the TLR4 or TLR-9 attenuates liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in a few of mouse models of NASH (25, 27). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.