Considering that accumulating evidence proposes an important role of NLRP3 in chemotherapy success through induction of anti-tumor immunity (21, 22), while other studies highlight that activation of NLRP3 inflammasome impedes the effectiveness of ICI immunotherapy (23), it is necessary to unravel the molecular mechanism via which the inflammasome pathway imprints on anti-tumor immunity and effectiveness of immunotherapy. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is neoplasm.