NLRP3 and cancer: Accordingly, activation of NLRP3 in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) (43) or macrophages (44) promoted tumor growth and metastasis supporting its pro-tumorigenic role, whereas sensing of dying tumors by DCs led to activation of NLRP3 followed by IL-1β secretion, which showed to be required for priming of tumor-specific IFN-γ-producing cytotoxic T lymphocytes promoting anti-tumor immunity consistent with an anti-tumorigenic role of NLRP3 in this cell subset (21).