CASP3 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: One study reported that PPZ023 reduced the viability of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity, enhanced caspase-3 activity, induced cell death by producing ROS (apoptotic cells with impaired ER function are more likely to produce ROS), and triggered the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c (56).