TNF and cyclic hematopoiesis: Our study revealed an increased inflammatory response in the hyperthyroid model as evidenced by serum elevations of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) as well as upregulated mRNA expression of the stress-response transcription factor NF-kβ, and the TNF-α signal transduction protein TRF6 in LV sections from the CH group.