RIPK3 and diabetes mellitus: In animal models of diabetes including STZ injection-induced type-1 diabetic mice [27], high fat diet-induced pre-diabetic rats [25], high fat diet plus STZ-induced type-2 diabetic rats [43] and db/db type-2 diabetic mice [27], the protein levels of total and/or phosphorylated RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL were elevated in the heart, suggesting a potential role of necroptosis in cardiac complications of diabetes.