TSC2 and acute myeloid leukemia: To determine whether MDK is involved in rapamycin tolerance and whether MDK is regulated by TSC pathway, we used two cellular models of TSC and found that expression of MDK was upregulated in TSC2-deficient AML patient-derived 621-101 cells compared to TSC2-reexpressing 621-103 cells, as well as in mouse kidney derived TSC2-deficient TTJ cells78 compared to TSC2-add back TTJ+ TSC2 cells (Fig. 3h).