HGF and cancer: The phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway is a key regulator of multiple cellular physiological processes, including cell cycle, growth, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis.[26] Research demonstrated that the augmented activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway contributed to the survival and proliferation of cancer cells in several types of human cancer.[27] In melanoma, the adhesion of melanoma cells to fibronectin is critical in amplifying the HGF‐mediated PI3K/AKT pathway after the treatment of BRAF inhibitor (Figure 4Ai).