More recently, TBK1 hydroxylation was identified and found to induce pVHL and phosphatase binding, which decreases its phosphorylation and enzyme activity, while the loss of pVHL hyperactivates TBK1 and promotes tumor development in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) [27,43]. The gene discussed is VHL; the disease is nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.