VEGFA and neoplasm: ACF is more effective than other inhibitors of factorsinvolvedin tumor cell proliferation (e.g., VEGF, GLUT-1, PD-L1) because agreater antitumor effect can be achieved by direct inhibition of HIF-1rather than by inhibiting, e.g., VEGF.17 When targeting VEGF, HIF-1α will further dimerize with HIF-1βto form HIF-1 and re-initiate downstream gene transcription.