Research on the treatment of leukemia also revealed that HIF-1is activated not only by hypoxia but also by the regulation of STAT3and STAT5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and5).106,107 Since ACF targets both STAT5 and HIF-1 simultaneously,leading to apoptosis of cancer cells, it could create a novel therapeuticapproach against leukemia relapse.71 The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is cancer.