Our analyses in a large population-based prospective study revealed complex association patterns of retinol and RBP4 with cardiometabolic risk that differed by hypertension state (retinol and CVD and T2D risk, RBP4 and CVD risk) and sex (RBP4 and T2D risk) that we partly replicated in an independent cohort. The gene discussed is RBP4; the disease is Hypertension.