In this particular study, out of the 148 patients with stable heart failure (New York Heart Association class II and III) and hemoglobin concentrations of <13 g/dL (if males) or <12 g/dL (if females), 57% showed evidence of anemia of chronic disease, defined here as reduced concentrations of serum iron, transferrin, and total iron binding capacity; normal or raised ferritin; normal or slightly increased soluble transferrin receptor [13]. Here, TF is linked to heart failure.