ACE and chronic kidney disease: In a meta-analysis of patients with non-dialysis CKD (stages 3–5), ACE inhibitors were deemed superior to AT1R blockers (ARBs) in lowering probability of kidney events (e.g., doubling of serum creatinine level, 50% decline in GFR, or ESKD) but in a subgroup of patients with diabetic kidney disease, ARBs were superior to ACE inhibitors (96).