RAGE deletion attenuated mesangial expansion and reduced glomerular collagen IV deposition. Both alagebrium and quinapril reduced AGE formation, glomerular fibrosis, and attenuated renal inflammation in diabetic RAGE apoE double-KO mice. Only quinapril lowered albumin excretion, highlighting a RAGE-independent ACE inhibitor-mediated response (79). This evidence concerns the gene ACE and fibrosis.