Human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF), more commonly known as IL-10 functions to inhibit the formation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and GM-CSF, as well as reducing the expression of HLA-DR and B7 molecules subsequently inhibiting macrophage antigen presentation in the synovial fluid and peripheral blood of RA patients, which in turn attenuates inflammation (235). The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.