In the setting of organ transplant, donor and/or recipients genes encoding pattern recognition molecules and receptors such as TLR (TLR2, 4 and 9) or MLB (MBL2), interferon (IFNL3/IL28B), cytokines (IL12, IL10), cytoplasmic sensors (AIM2, IFI16, IRAK2, IRAK4) and immune regulatory membrane-associated proteins (human programmed death-1, PD1) have been linked with an increased risk of CMV infection and disease among different transplant populations either solid organ or allogenic stem cell transplant patients (14–25). This evidence concerns the gene IFI16 and cytomegalovirus infection.