Patients with atopic dermatitis (20), influenza (21), SLE (22), rheumatoid arthritis (25, 39), myocardial infarction (23), sepsis (24), acquired immune-mediated neuropathies (31), osteoarthritis (32), acute respiratory distress syndrome (35), inflammatory bowel disease (33), type 2 diabetes (41), and vitiligo (43) present with higher blood concentrations of IL-38. Here, IL1F10 is linked to osteoarthritis.