Moreover, TBI-associated physiological and cognitive deficits are attenuated by upregulation in levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) activity via activation of upstream Akt (Zhao et al., 2012; Leeds et al., 2014). The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is Cognitive impairment.