Studies have demonstrated a protective effect of butyrate by improving body weight, blood glucose, lipid distribution, and insulin sensitivity in animal models of obesity and diabetes, which can be postulated as new therapeutic strategy to counteract obesity and insulin resistance (Gao et al., 2009; Khan and Jena, 2016; Mollica et al., 2017; Hu et al., 2018). Here, INS is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.