FFAR2 and diabetes mellitus: One study (Li et al., 2020) suggested that dietary fiber prevents DKD by regulating the intestinal flora, enriching SCFAs producing bacteria, and increasing SCFAs production, GPR43−/− and GPR109A−/− mice were sensitive to STZ-induced diabetes, indicating that GPR43 and GPR109A are indispensable for fiber and butyrate mediated protection against DKD.