Beta-cell function (HOMA-B) was significantly decreased in the T2DM group compared with the ND group, and the concentrations of serum TNF-α and IL-6 in both the T1DM group and the T2DM group were significantly increased compared with the levels in the ND group, and these changes were significantly reversed by TBF treatment, as shown in Tables 1, , –4. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and type 1 diabetes mellitus.