Interestingly, all three patients showed concentrations above 385 pg/ml for IL-1α and above 5,484 pg/ml for IP-10, with values below 50 μg/dl for serum Fe3+ and below 46 μg/dl for serum Zn2+ ions, which was not observed in women with severe disease who survived, regardless of whether they presented pneumonia or were admitted to the IUC (Supplementary Table S4). Here, IL1A is linked to susceptibility to pneumonia measurement.