Most recently, a phase 2 open-label multicenter RCT examined the use of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) and low dose decitabine after allo-HCT for patients with high-risk AML and found the cumulative incidence of relapse at 2 years to be 15% vs 38% (p < 0.01) in favor of the GCSF-decitabine group with a similar incidence of chronic GVHD (cGVHD) in both arms (23). This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and acute myeloid leukemia.