Gardenoside can ameliorate lipid deposition and liver fibrosis, and has been shown to decrease the expression levels of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 p20, GSDMD-N, and IL-1β in vitro and in vivo NAFLD models. Here, DPP4 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.