PLOD1 and varicocele: There was no difference in the baseline data, which included age, weight, height, BMI, abstinence days, mean varicocele width, semen volume, pH, total sperm count (TSC), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), neutral α-glucosidase (Neu), citric acid (CC), and zinc among the three groups before the treatment (Table 2).