GSTM1 and varicocele: A total of 397 active compounds and 3,505 action targets of JWRJD were obtained; combined with 461 spermatogenesis-related gene targets [includes four diseases: asthenozoospermia (OS), azoospermia (AZ), male infertility (MI), oligospermia (OL)] and 16 varicocele (VC)-related gene targets, there were five common targets between the three which contained GSTM1, NQO1, NOS3, OGG1, and SOD2 (Figure 7A).