Cytokines with VIP > 1, which were deemed important to predict acute HIV infection, were IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1β GM-CSF, MIG, IL-18, I-TAC, IL-17, RANTES, IL-16, eotaxin, and TNFα (in descending order) (Table 3 and Table S2). Here, CCL5 is linked to HIV infectious disease.