TLR3 and encephalitis: Interestingly, while some studies indicated that TLR3 has the protective role against WNV replication in brain and lethal encephalitis, as was demonstrated on the model of WNV-infected mice [116], others showed that the activation of TLR3 signaling is essential for WNV entry into the brain and thus predisposes the development of lethal encephalitis and permeability of the blood–brain barrier [117,122].