These authors also reported that HMGB1 levels in sera, but not in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), of patients diagnosed with virus-associated encephalopathy and who developed neurological symptoms were higher than those observed in infected individuals with a diagnosis of encephalopathy without neurological sequelae (median 17.4 ng/mL vs. 6.8 ng/mL). This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and Encephalopathy.