VDAC3 and infection: To study the role of VDAC3 in virus-induced mitochondrial ROS generation, we mock infected or infected Vero-shVDAC3 cells, RD-shVDAC3 cells, and their NTC-expressing counterparts with EV71, and determined total cellular and mitochondrial ROS formation at 24 h post-infection (Figure 6A–D).