HBeAg-positive infection without virus-induced liver injury follows the induction of virus persistence and lasts till antiviral immune activation is triggered and the virus antiviral immune activation starts, leading to HBeAg-positive hepatitis B that can be short-lived with HBeAg to anti-HBe seroconversion and clearance of HBV replication, or last as HBeAg-positive CHB. The gene discussed is HBE1; the disease is infection.