It has been shown that the AUC of serum AFP for HCC was significantly higher in HCV patients with ALT ≤ 40 U/L than patients with ALT > 40 U/L but not in HBV patients [19], and antiviral therapy improved the AUC of AFP for diagnosing early-stage HCC rather than late-stage HCC in our previous study [17]. This evidence concerns the gene AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma.