CCL2 and COVID-19: Kempuraj et al. showed that COVID-19 pathogenesis may be due to a cytokine storm with higher rates of IL-1β, interleukin-6 (IL-6), chemokine (C-C-motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α).