PTK2 and cancer: Furthermore, the anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic and anti-invasive properties of curcumin are due to the inhibition of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity as well as the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines, such as CXCL1 and CXCL2, and interleukins- (ILs) 6 and IL-8 in various cancer cells [13].