TNF and diabetes mellitus: The administration of 2 g of ginger twice daily, for 8 weeks, in addition to SRP, in patients with DM and periodontitis, resulted in significant decreases in periodontal parameters (plaque index, probing depth, loss of attachment, and bleeding on probing), but also of TNF-α, IL-6, hs-CRP, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) [156].