Therefore, Lin et al. [248] constructed a PTEN mRNA nanocarrier (mPTEN@NPs) delivered to tumor cells with PTEN deletion or mutation to restore the immunosuppressive TME, stimulate immune response and improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy by inducing autophagy activation and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) release. Here, PTEN is linked to neoplasm.