The authors used an allogeneic/autologous therapeutic glioblastoma vaccine (ERC1671, Gliovac), which is a mixture of inactivated tumor cells and lysates of tumor cells derived from the treated patient and three other glioblastoma patients, combined with recombinant colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2, best known as GM-CSF, used to activate immune responses). The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is glioblastoma.