In doxorubicin (DOX)-impaired rats, galangin significantly mitigates cognitive impairment and neurotoxicity via the NOX-1/Nrf-2/HMGB1/TLR4 and TNF-α/MAPKs/RIPK/MLKL/BDNF pathways [31]. Here, HMGB1 is linked to Cognitive impairment.