PTH and stage 5 chronic kidney disease: Renal osteodystrophy—which is characterized by impaired bone remodeling caused by the interplay between vitamin D deficiency, elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) level, and uremic toxin accumulation due to a decline in glomerular filtration—is common in patients with CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and its associated vascular calcification and fracture may negatively influence the quality of life or even lead to mortality [4].