Probiotics have a positive effect on vitamin D and its receptor activity, such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP); also in the Salmonella colitis model, using VDR (-/-) mice to verify that the alleviating effect of LGG on IBD is through the VDR signaling pathway [125]. Here, VDR is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.